Turbine



Sept. 21, 1948.

Filed May 16, 1946 J. DEMATTEIS TURBINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 J. DEMATTEISSept. 21, 1948.

TURBINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 16, 1946 Patented Sept. 21, 1948UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,449,931 TURBINE Julian Dematteia, Batavia,Iowa Application May 16, 1948, Serial No. 670,057

Claims. 1

The present invention relates to a turbine that can be driven either bydry steam or by other compressed fluid such as highly compressed air.

This type of turbine can be built in any size, large or small, withdirect generator drive or belt drive either from steam pressure orcompressed air. It is ideal for running large truck busses, in whichcase the compressed air tank may be fed bya small Diesel engine system,which is a great deal cheaper than electric drive as it would save notonly a costly motor and generator but be of much lighter weight and evenmore powerful.

My turbine is easy to assemble and just as easy to take down.

The curved and hollow power blades of this turbine are practical whenused with either single, double or triple type.

An embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in the attacheddrawings, wherein like numerals relate to the same details of thedifferent views and Figure 1 is a view in side elevation and part axialsection of the turbine, taken along a line ll of Figure 2;

Figure 2 is a view in end elevation of the tur- 1 blue with the upperhalf removed to show a four- Figure 5 is a top plan view of the rotorportion with the cover lifted 01!;

Figure 6 is a sectional view of the rotor taken along line 6-6 of Figure2;

Figure 7 is a fractional side view and part section of the double andtriple type of the hollow blades; and

Figure 8 is a fractional top plan view of a detail.

The following description considered with said figures will more fullybrin out the objects and operation of my turbine construction.

Reference numeral l0 denotes a stand or housing for the turbine rotor llrevoivable in said housing on a hollow shaft i2, the shaft running in athin sleeve or thimble I! of heat resisting steel fixed at its outer endin a collar Ii and extending into a pillow block I! which supports theend of the hollow shaft on the steam side of the housing. The outer endof the shaft l2 and shrunk on such tapered part is a steam packing Thepillow block I8 is in the usual two parts of such type of bearing andthe outer end of the block is threaded as at I! to receive theinteriorly threaded end of the collar IS, the outer end of which collaris chambered to receive the packing id as shown. The cap or top part ofthe pillow block is held down by bolts 15 in the usual manner and isalso provided with an oil cup-20.

An outer closure ring 2i is threaded on the outer end of the collar I!and fits over a flange 22 carried on the end of a couplin nipple 22'.Suitable packing 23 is positioned upon the two sides of the flange 22and is maintained tightly in contact with the adjacent sides of theflange by the closure ring 2i, as shown in Figure 1.

For the attachment of a suitable pipe for steam or compressed air fordelivery into the hollow shaft l2, a slip coupling 24 is mounted uponthe outer end of the nipple 22'.

The hollow shaft I2 is closed at its inner or left end by a partitionI21: and is provided with a series 01' apertures 25 leading into thedistribution chamber 26 of the rotor H. The rotor has a solid rear wall21 and joined thereto a peripheral, cylindrical rim 28, together formingsaid distribution chamber 26, into which is inserted the rotor unit 29with hollow blades 30 for compressed air or steam. This unit ispreferably made in quarters which have their radial ends bolted togetheras at II. This unit is provided with an outer rim 22 fitting tightlyagainst the cylindrical rotor rim or wall 28, while an inner hollowmanifold ring 32 is also provided which is spaced from the shaft l2 toform the space or distribution chamber 26 of the rotor.

As previously stated, the rotor unit is made in.

quarters. These quarters have their ends in opposed relation as shown inFigure 2 and they have their outer or convex sides fitted tightlyagainst the inner surface of the rotor rim or wall 28. To facilitate themaintenance of the quarter sections of the rotor unit properly inposition, particularly when installing the sections, there are providedthe radial posts upon the hollow shaft at the side of the rotor oppositefrom the wall 21. Opposing and spaced from the radial outer ends of theposts II and formed upon the inner side of the rotor rim or wall 28 arethe lugs 6|. The lugs and posts form cooperating members and are eachfour in number and are i terposed between the adjacent opposing ends ofthe quarter sections of the rotor unit, as clearly shown in the thimble,are tapered, and encircling and Figure 2. As is also clearly shown inthis fi ure and in Figure 3, each end of each quarter section of therotor unit is provided with the inner and outer notches 82 and 63 whichcooperate with corresponding notches upon the adjacent end of the nextunit to receive the posts and lugs and the portion of the endwall of thequarter section between the notches 62 and 63 is directly in abuttingrelation with a like portion of the next quarter section. These portionsat the ends of the sections are designated '64 and they have threadedsemi-circular grooves 65 which match corresponding grooves in theadjacent portion to receive the securing screws 46'. Accordingly, itwill be readily seen that each of the quarter sections can be slid intoposition within the rotor, having its ends restin upon two posts 60 andwhen the four quarter sections are so placed they are bolted together bythe bolt 3|. These screws 46' have a specific function hereinafterparticularly described.

Between the inner and outer rings 32, 33 are welded the hollow powerblades 30. These power blades are all curved in the same direction andon the same radius and can be made right-handed or left-handed forexchange on the same rotor to make it right-handed or left-handed. Thesepower blades are preferably made of thin electrically welded steelplate.

The blades may be made with single, double or triple passages as shownto form impact surfaces at 30, 3011 or 30b in Figures 3 and '7. YA unitwith all double passages 30a or all triple passages 30b is preferable.In this manner more power is generated. The blade units are thus mountedso as to be easily removed or replaced.

The rotor rim 28 has openings 28' for the purpose about to be set forth.

Around the outer periphery of the rotor rim 28 is a circumferentiallyadjustable cylindrical band 34 adapted for closing or opening the largeexhaust holes 35 from the blades which register with the openings 28'for exhaust into the exhaust chamber 36. This band has correspondingholes 35' for register with the holes 28' and 35 and is secured inadjusted position by one or more screws 31 with beveled head in order toprevent said band from creeping n the rotor when running. The band hasits beveled edge recessed at 38 on each side of the screw, and on theopposite side of the band 34 there is provided a stop 39 carried by therotor rim to clamp the band firmly in adjusted position.

An important part of the invention is the furnishin of transverse ridges40 on the inside of the turbine housing. These ridges or flutes shown ofhalf round section, are provided to prevent the cutting of the insidesurface of the housing by the steam exhausting into chamber 36. Escapefor the exhaust steam from the chamber 36, which extends all around therotor, is shown as ports 4|, with plugs to regulate the amount ofescape. A pipe 42 may be provided for the exhaust ports 4|.

Between the inlet apertures 25 and 25a provided in the rotor shaft IIand the blade unit ring 33 are inserted short connecting pipes 43. Asthere are provided at least two such apertures 25a in each unit quadrantone of each such apertures 25a may be closed by a screw plug 44. Thisdepends on what quantity of steam or compressed air is needed fordriving the turbine. At 45 is shown the openings leading the steam fromchamber 26 to the exhausts 4|. This turbine construction has beendeveloped after a great deal of study to make all parts accessible forreplaced ment or repair. All bearings and caps are provided with solidheat treated bushings.

In order to prevent a vacuum in the rotor wheel, a sheet steel covering46 is placed against the side of the rotor opposite the wall 27 andsecured thereto by the screws 48'. This covering is in four quartersections, one for each rotor section, and the screws 46' are insertedthrough suitable recesses, not shown, in the joining edges of the coversections, into the threaded grooves 85.

Keyed to the rotor in alignment with the hollow rotor shaft l2, thegenerator shaft 48 is carried in the bearings l6, l1, and between thelatter a pulley 50 is fixed on the generatorshaft for transfer of power.

The turbine operates as follows:

Steam or compressed air is injected into the center of the hollow rotorshaft I2. from which said pressure medium passes into the manifold ring33 of the blade unit by way of the apertures 25, pipes 43 and unitapertures 25a. This hollow ring distributes the pressure medium to theseveral curved hollow blades, five being shown in each unit quarter.After this delivery of the driving force against the curved surface ofthe blades 30, which as stated may be single, double, or tripleapertured, the pressure medium, having thus spent its force to rotatethe rotor, now escapes by way of the outer openings 35 into the exhaustchamber 26 and the outlet 45 and exhaust ports 4| or pipes 42.

It is to be understood that the invention as herein disclosed may bevaried from the details described and shown without departure from thespirit of the subjoined claims.

I claim:

1. In a pressure medium turbine, a housing forming a closed exhaustchamber having exhaust ports, a rotor rotatably supported in the chamberand having a hollow shaft closed at one end, the rotor having an endwall and an outer circular rim carried by the wall, a rotor unitpositioned in the rotor and comprising separable quarter sections, thesectional rotor units comprising inner and outer rings and each unitincluding end walls, each of which is in opposed relation with an endwall of an adjacent unit, said inner ring being in the form of a hollowmanifold, curved hollow blades extending outwardly from the manifoldbetween the inner and outer rings, said outer ring having outlet portswith which the hollow blades are in communication, said rim having portsin register with the outer ring ports for the'discharge of pressuremedium from the blades into the exhaust chamber, means coupling saidrotor unit sections together, means for conducting pressure medium fromwithin the hollow shaft into the manifold, and means for taking offpower from said shaft.

2. A pressure medium turbine of the character stated in claim 1, withradial supports carried by the shaft, and means for slidably connectingeach of the rotor unit sections with the radial supports whereby theouter ring of the rotor unit is maintained against the inner side ofsaid rim.

3. A pressure medium turbine of the character stated in claim 1, withradial supports carried by the shaft, means for slidably connectin eachof the rotor unit sections with the radial supports whereby the outerring of the rotor unit is maintained against the inner side of said rim,and removable side wall plates secured against the sides of the rotorunit sections opposite from said rotor end wall to close the spacebetween the inner and outer rings.

'rotor having an' end wall and an outer circular rim carried by thewall, a rotor unit removably positioned in the rotor; said rotor unitcomprising inner and outer rings, the outer ring being disfold in therotor around and spaced'from the shaft, curved hollow blades connectedwith and extending outwardly from the manifold and disposed againsttheinner side of the rim, the inner ring comprising a manifold in spacedencircling relation with the shaft, said outer ring and said rim havingcoinciding apertures forming exhaust ports, a plurality of curved hollowblades mounted between said inner and outer rings, the inner ends of theblades being in communication with the manifold and the outer ends ofthe blades bein positioned for discharge through said exhaust ports,means for conveying pressure medium from the hollow shaft to saidmanifold, means for taking off power from the shaft, mean forcontrolling the escape of pressure medium from the exhaust portscomprising a flat band encircling said rim and lying flat thereagainst,the band having ports adapted for register with said exhaust ports, theband being adjustable around the rim, and means for securing. the bandin adiusted position.

5. In a pressure medium turbine a, housing forming a closed exhaustchamber having exhaust ports, a rotor rotatably supported in the chamberand having a hollow shaft closed at one end, the rotor having an endwall and an outer circular rim carried by the-wall, a circularmanicharging into the housing through said rim, means for conducting apressure medium from the hollow shaft into the manifold, means fortaking off power from said shaft, and means extending around andadjustable on said rim for regulating the discharge of the pressuremedium from the hollow blades throuBh the rim.

' JUIJAN DEMATTEIS.

REFERENCES crr'sn I The following references are of record in the fileof this patent;

' STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 433,727 Golf -1, Aug;6, 1890 741,491Hedlund n Oct. 13, 1903 1,006,859 Mackey Oct. 24, 1911 1,250,663 RohmerDec. 18, 1917 1,504,736 Brown Aug. 12, 1924 2,021,289 Caylor Nov. 19,1935 2,123,816 Utsman July 12, 1938 FOREFIGN'PATENTS Number Country Date2,817 Great Britain Apr. 17, 1897 7 17,299 Great Britain 1888 29,726Switzerland Dec. 22, 1903 158,919 Switzerland Feb. 18, 1933

